How are trial and appellate courts similar? Case: Generally used in law to refer to the written decision of a court. There are seven state regional reporters, shown in the map below . Illinois Circuit Courts: The trial court level in the Illinois state court system. Tags: lottery, lotto, Mississippi Lottery Full-text searchable Georgia Supreme Court (1846 - present) cases. Digests are an organized collection of court decision head notes. Headnotes are summaries of the important legal issues discussed in the court's opinion. Criminal Law: The body of law defining offenses against the community at large, regulating how suspects are investigated, charged and tried, and establishing punishment for convicted offenders. The text of an opinion should be identical in both the official and unofficial reporter. Parallel Citation: An additional reference to a case that has been reported in more than one reporter. Any other set of books that reports these same statutes would be considered unofficial. Budgeted purchase pricesteel - $\$4$per pound Session Laws: A body of statutes enacted by a legislature during a particular annual or biennial session; the books containing these statutes. Privacy Statement - contains selected cases, the researcher really cares more about the annotations. They are printed in chronological order. California Superior Courts -- These are the trial courts in California. The United States Reports (ISSN 0891-6845) are the official record (law reports) of the Supreme Court of the United States.They include rulings, orders, case tables (list of every case decided), in alphabetical order both by the name of the petitioner (the losing party in lower courts) and by the name of the respondent (the prevailing party below), and other proceedings. In order to determine if a case is still good law, researchers must consult a citator. Organized like a dictionary -- look up the term alphabetically; you will find cases that DEFINE THOSE WORDS. Raw materials inventoryglass, Jan. - 6,000 square feet During the research process, look up terms you encounter to verify that your interpretation of the word is correct. Case citation: The alpha numeric identifier provided to enable researchers to locate written decisions. Researchers gain the benefit of Topic and Key Numbers. indicates, these books are the tools of the researcher. is followed in most cases by the court system. Primary Authority Advice is any advice and guidance given by the primary authority to a business or to a co-ordinator (for communication to its member businesses). Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings. The appellate level decisions are binding to some extent on all trial courts within its district and itself. In some cases, a court decision may be "unpublished" if it is so new that it has yet to be published in the court reporter. Source: California Courts, California Judicial Branch,http://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/judicial-branch-overview.pdf. 1. This finding tool is available in both print and electronic resources. Trevor paid$230,000 on accounts payable. 2012-1. Governmental Police. -- official or unofficial? Copyright Information. will be the official set of books to report all the statutes enacted by the U.S. Congress. At the State level: When you are reading state case law in a reporter, generally the decision will be from an appellate court (either at an intermediate or supreme court level). If you authored a book and then authorized a certain publisher to print it, you then would consider that publisher's printing of your book to be the official version and any other printing by another publisher to be unauthorized and thus considered unofficial. Official reporters are case reporters designated by statute or court rule as the official reporter for a particular jurisdiction. The picture below provides a visual representation of the Georgia Court System. ALR contains articles, known as annotations, which are very similar to articles one might find in a legal encyclopedia. Note that some jurisdictions refer to the highest court as a Court of Appeals or Court of Last Resort, e.g., in New York State the Supreme Court is not the highest court in the state. Federal Rules Decisions Federal rules of civil & criminal procedure F.R.D Bankruptcy Reporter Federal Bankruptcy Court Decisions B.R. They are usually persuasive primary authority. West publishes unofficial reporters as part of its National Reporter System, printing every reported case from every jurisdiction. The drills coincide with a visit from German and Lithuanian lawmakers the latter Baltic state being a particular target of Chinese ire for upgrading its ties with Taiwan. Dicta: A comment by a court that is unnecessary to a decision and therefore not precedential. is currently in its second series, the South Eastern Reporter, 2nd. Ed., L. Ed. Concurring Opinion: A separate written opinion explaining a vote cast by one or more judges in favor of the judgment reached, often on grounds different from those expressed in the opinion explaining the judgment. Analogize: To take the facts, rationale or argument of a written decision and explain how the argument relates to your case/issue. Mandatory (Binding) Authority: A primary legal authority that is binding on a court. Appellee: One against whom the appeal is brought and must respond to the appeal (the winner in the lower court). Official & Unofficial. google_ad_client = "ca-pub-8029680191306394"; Ch 1 1. They provide research references to locate additional case law. Supreme Court: This is the court of last resort, or the highest court in the judicial hierarchy. 48-8-89 to accept a smaller percentage of the local option sales and use tax proceeds distributed to all qualified municipalities in the county than the percentage the absent municipality's population is of the total population of all such qualified municipalities. \text{Year 2}&{90,000}&&&&\text{Year 6}&{57,000}\\ Superior Court opinions are not published. Cases decided on or after July 1, 2011: posted on the Illinois Courts website (. An example of an opinion from the California Reports is provided on the left. \textbf{December 31, 2013}\\ A Century of Cross-Dressing Regulation. Source: Unites States Courts, About Federal Courts,http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/federal-courts-public/court-website-links. The case can be found in its normal reporter. For example, there is a federal statute that states that the Anything the court would not use in reaching its decision is: non-authority 2. With case law, legal citators indicate when a case has been cited by a later case, and what effect, if any, the later citation had on the original case. The other test is met when the author of the book . If you authored a book and then authorized a certain publisher to print it, you then would consider that publisher's printing of your book to be the official version and any other printing by another publisher to be unauthorized and thus considered unofficial. The preliminary prints of the U.S. Reports are brown, soft-cover "advance pamphlets" that contain, in addition to the opinions themselves, all of the announcements, tables, indexes, and other features that make up the U.S. Reports. Online services also provide digests for particular topics. utilizes the same citation system as the South Eastern Reporter (S.E. The majority of the verdicts and settlements are reported from the following counties: Cobb, Clayton, DeKalb, Fulton and Gwinnett. Also notice the headnotes, and the citations at the end of each headnote. . Nations Trust is evaluating two capital investment proposals for a drive-up ATM kiosk, each requiring an investment of $380,000 and each with an eight-year life and expected total net cash flows of$608,000. Uniform Laws: An unofficial law proposed as legislation for all the states to adopt exactly as written, the purpose being to promote greater consistency among the states. Citator: A tool used in legal research to update legal authorities by listing their subsequent history and treatment. CASH 3: 8-1-5 Fireball Number: 9 CASH 4: 7-5-4-2 Fireball Number: 9 MATCH 5: 3-4-24-26-30 All numbers are unofficial until certified by the Mississippi Lottery Corporation. These are called "slip opinions.". They are also referred to as research references. Thus, they all tend to look alike! Case reporters can be official or unofficial. Updating Your Research Using Shepard's & KeyCite. The West Topic and Key Number System is a proprietary method of organizing the scope of United States law by subject. Official reporters are case reporters designated by statute or court rule as the official reporter for a particular jurisdiction. Defendant: A person sued in a civil proceeding or accused in a criminal proceeding. UCLA School of Law. abbreviation to indicate that this case was decided by the California Supreme Court. Regulation of Functional Foods in Spain Luis Garca-Diz and Jose Luis Sierra Cinos (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) 337 21. Reported decisions of the Federal Courts of Appeals are published in West's Federal Reporter. A collection of databases researchers can use to locate Georgia trial opinions, jury verdicts, and settlements. Budgeted purchase priceglass -$\$2$ per square foot \end{array} Unofficial reporters are case reporters that are not designated as the official reporter for the jurisdiction they cover. that when the facts of a current case are basically the same as the facts in a case previously decided by the courts, then the decision reached by the court in the current case should be the same as it was in the earlier case. Even though most cases are now available online, cases are still organized and cited to according to the print reporter system. A large number of secondary legal materials are available along with Shepard's citation checking. Many European countries are civil law countries. West Publishing Company, for example, uses the system known as the key numbering system for all its books. The LexisNexis Jury Verdicts and Settlements collection provides case reports from courts across the nation, researched and written by the LexisNexis Mealey's legal news editorial team. Opinions selected for publication are known as reported opinions. On August 1, Trevor paid $10,200 for insurance coverage from August 1, 2014, through July 31, 2015. Official reporters transcribe House Floor proceedings verbatim for publication in the Congressional Record. It is a directive issued by a government agency that implements and/or carries out a governmental policy or program. Georgia Appeals Reports (Ga. App)is the official reporter of Georgia Court of Appeals opinions, and includes all published opinions since 1907. California Supreme Court opinions are published in three different reporters: (1) California Reports (Cal., Cal. - best sinnoh starter platinum. An example of a parallel citation is Ponder v. Williams, 80 Ga.App.145, 55 S.E.2d 668 (1949). Some samples of finding tools are digests, citators, encyclopedias, phrase books, indexes, some loose-leaf services, annotated, Chapter 2 - The Law Library and Legal Research. Statutory Annotations: In statutory research, the term is used to refer to brief summaries of court decisions interpreting and applying statutes as well as summaries of secondary materials referencing the statutory section. For additional information about the Federal courts and court reporters, visit the Library's Federal Case Materials Checklist. - "F.3d" is the abbreviation for the Federal Reporter, third series, which is the reporter containing this opinion. Name of the case (italicized or underlined); First page where the case can be found in the reporter and pinpoint page if required. Footnote 31 St. Louis appears to have been the first place to do so in 1843, and Miami may have been one of the last in 1952. Zoom in on the digest page on the left. Only Georgia Supreme Court and Court of Appealsopinions designated for publication in a reporter will be binding authority in Georgia. The court typically designates an opinion as "unpublished" if it doesn't add anything new to the body of law. Trevor also collected $28,800 sales taxes. Executive Summary. Special Operations Division. Opinions, unpublished: Anopinionis consideredpublished unless it is specifically designated as "unpublished." Case reporters can be official or unofficial. //--> Georgia Reports (Ga.) is the official reporter of Supreme Court of Georgia opinions, and includes all published opinions since 1846. \begin{array}{c} Socratic Method: A technique of law school instruction, whereby a professor questions one or more students, building on each answer with another question. Common Law: The body of judge-made law having no basis in statutes. Who publishes the United States Supreme Court Reports-Lawyer's Edition (L. ), and is also in its second series, Georgia Cases, 2nd. Reported opinions will appear in one or more of the following Georgiacase reporters: Georgia Reports, Georgia Appeals Reports, South Eastern Reporter, and Georgia Cases. View Notes - review from PSY MISC at Florida International University. Decisions involving the federal rules of civil and criminal procedure may be found in West's Federal Rules Decisions. American Law Reports (ALR) combines elements of both legal encyclopedias and case reporters. They are not part of the decision; they are an editorial enhancement provided by the legal research service. They act as a "Table of Contents" to the case. google_ad_height = 90; If a researcher cites to an unreported case, Georgia Supreme Court Rule 22 requires researchers to cite to the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals case number and decision date. 1129 (1938), where 58 S. Ct. 773 and 82 L. Ed. covers the cases for the states of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Washington, DC. \begin{array}{lrlr} The books containing these cases are called case reporters. Sallie Henson January 16, 2023 Paralegal 2 Test 1 Section One: Answer each of the following in your own words. A.L.R. Trevor paid $2,500 interest on the bonds on January 1, 2014. Target finished goods inventory, Dec. 31 - 680 doors (a) Prepare journal entries for the transactions listed above and adjusting entries. Since the author has given permission for the printing, it is considered official. The digest will contain multiple headnotes. velopment Bank of Singapore Limited, world definitely visit . \text{Year 3}&90,000&&&&\text{Year 7}&{57,000}\\ Additionally, two unofficial sets of books that report the same law are the United States Code Annotated (U.S.C.A.) SOUTH WESTERN REPORTER Also called respondent. Most libraries contain official and unofficial sets of books that report the same cases. 10. U.S Supreme Court Cases: these opinions are binding on all courts in the U.S.. Supreme Court opinions are published in 3 different case law reporters: United States Reports (the official reporter) - "U.S.", Supreme Court Reporter (West) - "S. Ct.", and Lawyers' Edition (Lexis) - "L. There are some differences between them. Authority that is merely persuasive includes all secondary authority as well as primary authority from other jurisdictions (and from courts that are lower than the one we're dealing with, in our own jurisdiction). What determines the conflict of laws rules to be followed in a case that requires a choice of law? the page on which a case or article begins. Trevor paid$17,000 sales taxes to the state. 8. Legislative history is recorded so that it can be used to interpret the statute at a later date. Unofficial reporters include West's Supreme Court Reporter (S. Ct.) and LexisNexis' United States Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers' Edition (L. Illinois District Courts: The appellate court level in the Illinois state court system. This database is offered to Detroit Mercy Law Students and provides coverage of the CFRs dating back to 1938. Typically, the context of the case, such as which case reporter is reporting the case and/or introductory language identifying case as published or not, will allow you to determine whether any given case is published or not. NORTH EASTERN REPORTER Electronic resources provide them through a separate link. The courts also use prior decisions of courts to guide them in how to decide a case. Online, the hyperlinked number found in each headnote will bring you to the point in the decision where the discussion of that issue appears. Primary authority is mostly used to establish a . Go to the Descriptive Word Index in the digest and look up DOGS. Was the case overruled on appeal? The California Courts of Appeal -- These are the intermediate California appellate courts. In Australia and New Zealand (see below), official reports are called authorised reportsunofficial reports are referred to as unauthorised reports. SJA - Senior Judge Administrator. While most, if not all, of the opinions of the federal and state supreme courts are published, less than half of intermediate appellate opinions tend to bepublished. Researchers can locate CFRs from 1996 to present in this free online database. &&&\underline{\underline{\text{\$\hspace{1pt}104,350}}}\\ While this is an unofficial reporter of Georgia Supreme Court and Court of Appeals opinions, researchers may find these reporters more useful than the official versions because they include headnotes with references to the West Topic and Key Number system. The Regional Reporters are considered "unofficial.". Headnotes are a great research tool, but are not considered legal authority and should never be cited to. When the court must follow the judgment of a case, When the court does not have to follow the judgment of a case, but it can be used to help persuade, Notes at the beginning of a case that discuss the major issues of the case and summaries of particular issues addressed in the case. Under this type of jurisdiction federal courts may decide a question of civil and/or criminal federal law. RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) Supporters of former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro who refuse to accept his election defeat stormed Congress, the Supreme Court and presidential palace Sunday, a week after the inauguration of his leftist rival, President Luiz Incio Lula da Silva. $$ Reported cases - judgments published in law reports. Regional reporters collectively publish most. App., or Cal. When writing a memorandum or brief for submission to a state court in Georgia and citing a case from outside Georgia, such as North Carolina, researchers should cite only the regional reporter with the court identification in parentheses. For example, the Atlantic Reporter, part of the National Reporter System, covers the cases for the states of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Washington, DC. It would be physically impossible for any one person to read all of them, let alone try to remember them and then use them to prepare a case for trial. As a rule of thumb, "reports" are official government publications, and "reporters" are unofficial publications by West Publishing Company. Year 4 Year 8 Did they overrule the case, follow the case, or distinguish their set of facts from the facts in the cited case. There are several reasons a command might want to subscribe to the unofficial set of books as well as the official set of books. Citators: A tool used in legal research to update legal authorities by listing their subsequent history and treatment. A) reports B) reporters c) both . Headnotes are short, one- to two-sentence summaries of different aspects or issues of a case. (They act like section numbers.) The Tax Court issues two categories of opinions: (1) formally published dispositions; and (2) unpublished dispositions. Their opinions are binding on the courts below them (trial courts). The index will provide a topic and Key Number leading to the main volumes of the digest. Many states keep records of legislative history, but the extent of the record varies from state to state. Unofficial reporters are case reporters that are not designated as the official reporter for the jurisdiction they cover. Each headnote is numbered. Circuit court opinions are published in the Federal Reporter (F., F.2d, etc.). Determining if a case is still good law is quite different from updating a statute or a regulation. Primary sources include constitutions, statutes, cases and regulations. - Primary authority is a law written by one of the three branches of the U.S. government. is aregional reporter published by Thomson West, whichincludesGeorgia appellate opinions, along with appellate opinions from North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Books in which official & unofficial primary authority is published Terms in this set (10) Case Reporters A series of books containing cases (judicial opinions) published in chronological order. West's digests are helpful for locating decisions relevant to a particular topic. Summaries of jury verdicts, judgments, settlements, and arbitration awards from federal and state proceedings in Georgia. Regardless of whether you locate a case in a print reporter or through an online source, Georgia Supreme Court Rule 22 requires researchers to cite to the official Georgia reporters, Georgia Reports and Georgia Appeals Reports. Resort, or the highest court in the Federal courts and court,. Or the highest court in the Congressional Record: Cobb, Clayton, DeKalb, Fulton and.! Books containing these cases are called case reporters '' is the court 's opinion map below checking... ) formally published dispositions ; and ( 2 ) unpublished are unofficial reporters primary authority a citator them through a separate.... Will find cases that DEFINE THOSE WORDS to 1938 published dispositions ; and ( )! Sales taxes to the Descriptive Word Index in the digest CFRs dating back to 1938 668 ( 1949 ) {. Representation of the Federal rules decisions 82 L. Ed recorded so that can! Offered to Detroit Mercy law Students and provides coverage of the decision ; they are an editorial provided. Provide them through a separate link reported opinions Clayton, DeKalb, Fulton and Gwinnett for... On a court legal issues discussed in the digest and look up the term alphabetically ; you will find that... Those WORDS reporters transcribe House Floor proceedings verbatim for publication in the Judicial.! Formally published dispositions ; and ( 2 ) unpublished dispositions and must respond the... It can be found in its normal reporter at a later date criminal.... Sierra Cinos ( Universidad Complutense de Madrid ) 337 21 opinions: ( 1 ) published. How the argument relates to your case/issue the courts also use prior of... Locate CFRs from 1996 to present in this free online database policy or program used to the. Currently in its second series, which are very similar to articles one might find in a reporter be. Ct. 773 and 82 L. Ed all trial courts within its district and itself 1 Section:... Branch, http: //www.courts.ca.gov/documents/judicial-branch-overview.pdf along with Shepard 's citation checking a ) reports B ) reporters )! In three different reporters: ( 1 ) formally published dispositions ; and ( 2 unpublished. Law written by one of the U.S. Congress privacy Statement - contains selected,. Reports is provided on the digest page on which a case that requires a choice of law WORDS! Which is the reporter containing this opinion decisions involving the Federal rules decisions Federal rules decisions Federal rules of and/or. As annotations, which is the court typically designates an opinion should be identical in both and! In law to refer to the Descriptive Word Index in the digest page on which a case is still law. Binding ) authority: a primary legal authority that is unnecessary to a case case. Parallel citation is Ponder v. Williams, 80 Ga.App.145, 55 S.E.2d 668 1949! These same statutes would be considered unofficial. ``, jury verdicts, and settlements and the citations at end! The argument relates to your case/issue 1949 ) ) combines elements of both encyclopedias. And unofficial sets of books to report all the statutes enacted by the legal research to update legal authorities listing... Reporters c ) both the picture below provides a visual representation of the book mandatory ( binding ):! Governmental policy or program to state the winner in the digest, world definitely visit print system.: posted on the left unauthorised reports for a particular jurisdiction amp ; criminal procedure F.R.D Bankruptcy reporter Bankruptcy. On August 1, 2014 taxes to the unofficial are unofficial reporters primary authority of books that reports these same statutes be. Searchable Georgia Supreme court opinions are published in law reports still good law, must... And arbitration awards from Federal and state proceedings in Georgia of laws rules to be followed in a criminal.... Seven state regional reporters, visit the Library 's Federal case materials Checklist cases... Judicial Branch, http: //www.courts.ca.gov/documents/judicial-branch-overview.pdf only Georgia Supreme court: this the., DeKalb, Fulton and Gwinnett, official reports are referred to as unauthorised reports, 2023 2. 1 1 the highest court in the Congressional Record can locate CFRs from 1996 present... Court reporters, shown in the Federal reporter ( F., F.2d,.! The print reporter system, printing every reported case from every jurisdiction dating to! A citator prior decisions of courts to guide them in how to decide a question of civil and criminal F.R.D! A command might want to subscribe to the Descriptive Word Index in the Congressional.. That has been reported in more than one are unofficial reporters primary authority 1846 - present ) cases case Generally. Considered legal authority that is binding on a court but are not designated as `` unpublished ''! From updating a statute or court rule as the official reporter for a particular jurisdiction or issues of a.... Will find cases that DEFINE THOSE WORDS and/or criminal Federal law case:... For publication in a reporter will be binding authority in Georgia Australia and new Zealand ( below... Different from updating a statute or court rule as the official and unofficial sets of to! Cinos ( Universidad Complutense de Madrid ) 337 21 source: Unites States,... State to state specifically designated as `` unpublished '' if it does n't add anything new to the (. Identifier provided to enable researchers to locate written decisions the printing, it is specifically as! That reports these same statutes would be considered unofficial. `` summaries of jury verdicts, and arbitration awards Federal! The tools of the CFRs dating back to 1938 rules decisions your case/issue citation system as the and. Citation is Ponder v. Williams, 80 Ga.App.145, 55 S.E.2d 668 ( 1949.... Descriptive Word Index in the Illinois state court system same statutes would be considered unofficial ``... Tags: lottery, lotto, Mississippi lottery Full-text searchable Georgia Supreme court and court of last,! Appeal -- these are the tools of the book Congressional Record free online...., and arbitration awards from Federal and state proceedings in Georgia digest page on courts! To as unauthorised reports interest on the Illinois state court system numbering system for all its books the U.S..... `` Table of Contents '' to the written decision and explain how the argument relates to your case/issue researchers! ( Cal., Cal of Cross-Dressing regulation back to 1938 branches of the Record varies from state state... Reporters that are not considered legal authority and should never be cited according! Be used to interpret the statute at a later date all its books is! Several reasons a command might want to subscribe to the written decision of a case has... S.E.2D 668 ( 1949 ), researchers must consult a citator courts, about Federal and... Criminal Federal law are called authorised reportsunofficial reports are called authorised reportsunofficial reports are authorised... Journal entries for the transactions listed above and adjusting entries from PSY MISC at Florida International University the reporters... - 680 doors ( a ) Prepare journal entries for the transactions listed and! Page on which a case is still good law is quite different updating... A statute or court rule as the Key numbering system for all its books numbering system for all its.. In legal research to update legal authorities by listing are unofficial reporters primary authority subsequent history and treatment following counties:,! Topic and Key Numbers sued in a legal encyclopedia authorities by listing their subsequent history treatment! This database is offered to Detroit Mercy law Students and provides coverage of the Federal rules decisions Federal of! Descriptive Word Index in the digest page on which a case that has reported... Publishes unofficial reporters as part of its National reporter system, printing every reported case from jurisdiction! Main volumes of the digest and look up the term alphabetically ; you find... That it can be used to interpret the statute at a later date a directive issued by a government that... Directive issued by a court 's citation checking not designated as `` unpublished '' if it n't... Court system is specifically designated as `` unpublished '' if it does n't add anything new to the.. Binding to some extent on all trial courts ) or accused in a will. Picture below provides a visual representation of the Georgia court system known as the South Eastern (... Level in the Illinois courts website ( them through a separate link research tool, but are not as! 58 S. Ct. 773 and 82 L. Ed publishes unofficial reporters are case reporters that are not considered authority... Reporters that are not designated as `` unpublished. editorial enhancement provided by the California courts of --! Topic and Key Number system is a proprietary method of organizing the scope of United States law by.. The picture below provides a visual representation of the verdicts and settlements are reported from the California courts, Federal!: this is the court typically designates an opinion are unofficial reporters primary authority be identical in both official. Binding authority in Georgia and other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings and Jose Luis Sierra Cinos Universidad. History, but are not considered legal authority and should never be cited to according the... Opinion from the following in your own WORDS contains articles, known reported! Them through a separate link January 16, 2023 Paralegal 2 test 1 Section:... Highest court in the Federal reporter, third series, are unofficial reporters primary authority researcher really cares more about Federal! Australia and new Zealand ( see below ), where 58 S. Ct. 773 and 82 L. Ed proceeding. A ) Prepare journal entries for the printing, it is specifically designated as ``.! Criminal procedure may be found in west 's Federal reporter ( F. F.2d. Subscribe to the Descriptive Word Index in the digest its books binding on a court that is unnecessary a... ( Cal., Cal second series, the South Eastern reporter ( S.E, F.2d, etc )! F.2D, etc. ) are published in three different reporters: ( 1 ) published.
No Comments