As a wedding present she gave Louis a rock crystal vase {fr}, currently on display at the Louvre. Poitou, where Eleanor spent most of her childhood, and Aquitaine together was almost one-third the size of modern France. Others were not so fortunate: "No aid came from Heaven, except that night fell. Some of the times he got himself into the deepest trouble, such as the Toulouse Campaign in 1159 and the Becket Affair that ended so tragically in 1170, it was because he wanted his rights clearly defined from these grey areas. That made Eleanor a target, and I think it is through this lens that we need to view later criticisms of her, not to mention sordid stories that began to do the rounds. Norah Lofts wrote a fictionalized biography of her, entitled in various editions Queen in Waiting or Eleanor the Queen, and including some romanticized episodesstarting off with the young Eleanor planning to elope with a young knight, who is killed out of hand by her guardian, in order to facilitate her marriage to the King's son. Their daughters were declared legitimate, custody was awarded to Louis, and Eleanor's lands were restored to her. The exhausted Eleanor went to Fontevraud, where she remained. She was a key leading figure in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Select this result to view Eleanor G Henry's phone number, address, and more. In mid-July, Eleanor's ship finally reached Palermo in Sicily, where she discovered that she and her husband had both been given up for dead. Judy Chicago's artistic installation The Dinner Party features a place setting for Eleanor,[38] and she was portrayed by Frederick Sandys in his 1858 painting, Queen Eleanor. While there, the queen met with Bernard of Clairvaux, asking him to use his influence with the Pope to have the excommunication of Petronilla and Raoul lifted, in exchange for which King Louis would make concessions in Champagne and recognise Pierre de la Chatre as archbishop of Bourges. Eleanor was allowed to return to the place she loved above all others as its duchess, to train Richard in the tricky art of ruling Aquitaine. See more characters from William Shakespeare. The character Queen Elinor appears in William Shakespeare's The Life and Death of King John, with other members of the family. During Richard's absence, royal authority in England was represented by a Council of Regency in conjunction with a succession of chief justiciarsWilliam de Longchamp (11901191), Walter deCoutances (11911193), and finally Hubert Walter. Eleanor would remain in England for most of the rest of Henrys life in what is usually characterised as comfortable house arrest. King Philip II of France claimed that certain properties in Normandy belonged to his half-sister Margaret, widow of the young Henry, but Henry insisted that they had once belonged to Eleanor and would revert to her upon her son's death. Louis's subsequent siege of Damascus in 1148 with his remaining army, reinforced by Conrad and Baldwin III of Jerusalem, achieved little. She has a twin sister named Emma Henry. She later defended Aquitaine and Anjou from her own grandson, organising the defence . The daughters were Matilda, who married Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria; Eleanor, who married Alfonso VIII, king of Castile; and Joan, who married successively William II, king of Sicily, and Raymond VI, count of Toulouse. The revolt failed, and Eleanor was captured while seeking refuge in the kingdom of her first husband, Louis VII. Henry lost the woman reputed to be his great love, Rosamund Clifford, in 1176. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Please sign up to receive Sharon Kay Penman's newsletter to get the latest news and events. Henry was the obvious candidate. If you will promise to do this, I in return promise to entreat the merciful Lord to grant you offspring." Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. It was a sure sign Henry had launched the invasion without permission and this felt like the medieval teenage equivalent of being put on the naughty step. When their third son Geoffrey also dies, Henry seems to want to spend time with Eleanor. Contemporary sources praise Eleanor's beauty. Fans of medieval historical fiction wont want to miss this. The king had many mistresses, but although he treated earlier liaisons discreetly, he flaunted Rosamund. Consanguinity was grounds for annulment in the medieval period. Eleanor had lived an incredibly full medieval life before she even met Henry. Henry was by no means faithful to his wife and had a reputation for philandering; he fathered other, illegitimate, children throughout the marriage. A contemporary Norman chronicler, Robert de Torigny, confessed himself uncertain whether the marriage was a matter of sudden impulse or careful premeditation. There was an odd series of standoffs, and a refusal to fight that is usually put down to nobles tired of the ongoing wars. [16] She may not have been anointed on this occasion, however, because she had already been anointed in 1137. In 1193, she would tell Pope Celestine III that she was tortured by his memory. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Eleanor is the subject of A Proud Taste for Scarlet and Miniver, a children's novel by E. L. Konigsburg. Eleanor Henry VI Part 2. While in the eastern Mediterranean, Eleanor learned about maritime conventions developing there, which were the beginnings of what would become admiralty law. In December 1154, Henry and Eleanor arrived in England for their joint coronation. Louis was a weak and ineffectual military leader with no skill for maintaining troop discipline or morale, or of making informed and logical tactical decisions. The problem was that this made them a threat to many, most notably the King of France. Eleanor secured her freedom by agreeing to his demands. Although they escaped this attempt unharmed, stormy weather drove Eleanor's ship far to the south to the Barbary Coast and caused her to lose track of her husband. An interdict was thereupon imposed upon the king's lands, and Pierre was given refuge by Theobald II, Count of Champagne. The sons were William, who died at the age of three; Henry; Richard, the Lionheart; Geoffrey, duke of Brittany; and John, surnamed Lackland until, having outlived all his brothers, he inherited, in 1199, the crown of England. [Berman 228.][why?]) Matt Lewis is an author and historian of the middle ages. One of his first acts as king was to send William Marshal to England with orders to release Eleanor from prison; he found upon his arrival that her custodians had already released her. Purchase Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine: Founding of an Empire at bookshop.org or bookdepository.com. This is Stephanie, your trusty page administrator and the trustee of Sharons social media. Theobald had also offended Louis by siding with the Pope in the dispute over Bourges. The couple married on Whitsun, 18 May 1152. Telling the stories of Henry and Eleanor together was, as I mentioned earlier, tricky. As the mother to Richard the Lionheart, she helped him sure up his succession, find him a wife, manage his lands while he was on campaign, and spring into action at the age of 68 to raise and personally deliver his ransom when he was taken prisoner on the way home from the Holy Land. [6] On the other hand, some chronicles mention a fidelity oath of some lords of Aquitaine on the occasion of Eleanor's fourteenth birthday in 1136. John instructed his mother to travel to Castile to select one of the princesses. He possessed one of the largest domains in France, and upon his death in 1137 she inherited the duchy of Aquitaine. Henry II's troops besieged the town, forcing his son to flee. Much money went into making the austere Cit Palace in Paris more comfortable for Eleanor's sake.[13]. In the 2019 video game expansion Civilization VI: Gathering Storm, Eleanor is a playable leader for the English and French civilizations.[43]. Her interest in their second son, Richard, was probably less to do with selecting a favourite child than with his having been conceived in Aquitaine and positioned to be its next duke. 1. For Eleanor, the appeal of Henry was probably less some passionate obsession with a younger man than a realistic assessment of who was single and in a position to protect her and Aquitaine. This news appears to have forced a change of plans, for instead of returning to France from Marseilles, they went to see Pope Eugene III in Tusculum, where he had been driven five months before by a revolt of the Commune of Rome. Explore historical records and family tree profiles about Eleanor Henry on MyHeritage, the world's family history network. Politics during this period demanded a degree of flexibility that I think Henry struggled to find. His goal throughout his reign was to recover and restore all of the rights held by his grandfather Henry I, and he would pursue these ferociously and doggedly. Eleanor was related to Henry even more closely than she had been to Louis: they were cousins to the third degree through their common ancestor Ermengarde of Anjou, wife of Robert I, Duke of Burgundy and Geoffrey, Count of Gtinais, and they were also descended from King Robert II of France. [30] Amy Kelly, in her article, "Eleanor of Aquitaine and Her Courts of Love," gives a very plausible description of the origins of the rules of Eleanor's court: "In the Poitevin code, man is the property, the very thing of woman; whereas a precisely contrary state of things existed in the adjacent realms of the two kings from whom the reigning duchess of Aquitaine was estranged. Stephens oldest son died, his other son expressed no desire to become king, and Stephen adopted Henry as his son and appointed him heir to England. As queen dowager, Eleanor acted as regent while Richard went on the Third Crusade. According to feudal customs, Eleanor then regained possession of Aquitaine, and two months later she married the grandson of Henry I of England, Henry Plantagenet, count of Anjou and duke of Normandy. Polly Schroyer Brooks, the author of a non-academic biography of Eleanor, suggests that the court did exist, but that it was not taken very seriously, and that acts of courtly love were just a "parlour game" made up by Eleanor and Marie in order to place some order over the young courtiers living there. The war lasted two years (114244) and ended with the occupation of Champagne by the royal army. See also Other Works | Publicity Listings | Official Sites View agent, publicist, legal and company contact details on IMDbPro Contribute to This Page Edit page Henry II sent Thomas of Earley, Archdeacon of Wells, to break the news to Eleanor at Sarum. The French, with what remained of the Germans, then began to march in increasingly disorganised fashion towards Antioch. Check out Eleanor Henry's Bio Now Family, friend, or fan, this family history biography is for you to remember Eleanor Henry. Eleanor had only two daughters by Louis VII, but to her new husband she bore five sons and three daughters. "[33] Once her sons had left for Paris, Eleanor may have encouraged the lords of the south to rise up and support them.[9]. Ella Henry delivered the famous line from the movie that character . [9] Eleanor rode to Westminster and received the oaths of fealty from many lords and prelates on behalf of the king. Join Now Auditions & Jobs. [9] However, until a husband was found, the king had the legal right to Eleanor's lands. Henry is, for me, a complex character. The vanguard, with which Queen Eleanor marched, was commanded by her Aquitainian vassal, Geoffrey de Rancon. In debt and refused control of Normandy, he tried to ambush his father at Limoges. She was compared with Penthesilea, mythical queen of the Amazons, by the Greek historian Nicetas Choniates. Beautiful, capricious, and adored by Louis, Eleanor exerted considerable influence over him, often goading him into undertaking perilous ventures. The chronicler William of Tyre, writing between 1170 and 1184 and thus perhaps too long after the event to be considered historically accurate, placed the blame for this disaster firmly on the amount of baggage being carried, much of it reputedly belonging to Eleanor and her ladies, and the presence of non-combatants. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [4] Although her native tongue was Poitevin, she was taught to read and speak Latin, was well versed in music and literature, and schooled in riding, hawking, and hunting. For this reason Henry summoned Eleanor to Normandy in the late summer of 1183. Children born to a marriage that was later annulled were not at risk of being "bastardised," because "[w]here parties married in good faith, without knowledge of an impediment, children of the marriage were legitimate." Website:Matt Lewis Home (mattlewisauthor.com)Blog:Matts History Blog Hopefully interesting snippets and thoughts (wordpress.com)Twitter: @MattLewisAuthor. Louis's refusal and his forcing her to accompany him humiliated Eleanor, and she maintained a low profile for the rest of the crusade. She was beautiful and just, imposing and modest, humble and elegant; and, as the nuns of Fontevrault wrote in their necrology, a queen who surpassed almost all the queens of the world.. Notwithstanding, during their three-week stay at Constantinople, Louis was fted and Eleanor was much admired. She was given shelter and food by servants of King Roger II of Sicily, until the king eventually reached Calabria, and she set out to meet him there. 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